英语常用句型结构汇总

我们在学习英语的过程中，经常会出现无法熟练应用的情况，也就是我们常说的“哑巴英语”。究其原因，是大家没有掌握英语的句型结构。下面小编为大家总结整理了一些英语常用的句型结构，供大家参考。

否定句型

1) 一般否定句

I don't know this. No news is good news.

There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.

2)特指否定

He went to his office, not to see him.

I am sorry for not coming on time.

I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.

3)部分否定

I don't know all of them.

I can't see everybody/everything.

All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都对。）

All is not gold that glitters. （闪光的不一定都是金子。）

Both of them are not right.（并非两人都对。）

4)全体否定

None of my friends smoke.

I can see nothing/nobody.

Nothing can be so simple as this.

Neither of them is right.

5) 延续否定

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.

You don't know, I don't know either.

He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.

6) 半否定句

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little English.

I saw few people.

7) 双重否定

You can't make something out of nothing.

What's done cannot be undone.

There is no sweet without sweat.

No gain without pains.

I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.

No man is so old but (that) he can learn.

8)排除否定

Everyone is ready except you.

He did nothing but play.

But for your help, I couldn't do it.

9)加强否定

I won't do it at all.

I can't see it any more.

He is no longer a boy.

2. 判断句型

1) 一般判断句

It is important for us to learn English.

It is kind of you to help me.

Sincere means honest.

The boy is called/named Tom.

We regarded/considered it as an honor.

2)强调判断

It is English that we should learn.

It is he who helped me a lot.

3)弱式判断

Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.

You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.

Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.

He is probably ill.

He is likely ill.

It is possible that he is late

4) 正反判断

That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.

5) 互斥判断

He or you are wrong.

Either he is right or I am.

6) 注释判断

He is a walking dictionary, that is (to say), he can remember many English words.

7) 比较判断

It is more a picture than a poem.

Incomplete knowledge of style is worse than useless.

3. 祝愿祈使句式

1) 一般句式

Study hard and keep fit.

Be brave! Don't be shy!

Get out of here.

2)强语式

Do tell me.

Never tell a lie.

3) 委婉祈使句

Please tell me the true.

Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?

Would/Do you mind my smoking?

What/How/ about going there on foot?

4)建议祈使句

Let us go. Let us know the time.

Don't let the fire out.

Let's not waste the time.

You'd better start early.

Shall we listen to some music?

Why don't you get something to drink?

I suggest we (should) take the train.

Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?

5)祝愿句

Success to you!

Wish you a good journey.

Here's to your success!

May you have a happy marriage.

Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!

4. 感叹句型

How well he speaks!

How kind she is!

What nice weather it is!

What a beautiful day!

Here he comes!

Such is life!

Wonderful!

Help! （救命啊！）

5. 疑问句型

1) 一般疑问句

Is he a doctor?

Do you the way to the station?

2)反意疑问句

He is a teacher, isn't he?

It is quite cheap, don't you think?

3) 特殊疑问句

What is the distance / width/ size / population / temperature / fare?

Who is he?

What is he?(他是干什么工作的？）

What is he like?

How/Where is he?

How do you like him?

What do you think of him?

What ever do you mean by saying this?

4)选择疑问句

Is he a doctor or a nurse?

Do you love it or not?

5)间接疑问句

Do you know how old he is?

Tell me if (whether) you like it.

What do you think/say/suppose I should do?

6.数词句型

1) 表数目

It is exactly ten o'clock.

It is five miles away from here.

He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.

He is under/at most/no more than 20.

2)表年月日

He was born on April 22, 1994/in 1994/on the morning of October 1.

3)表年龄

He is 20 years old. = He is 20 years of age.

He is at the age of 10.

4)表倍数

It is four times that of last years.

This is four times as big (again) as that one.

This is four times bigger than that one.

The income is double what it was.

The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.

5)表计量

It is 10 meters long/wide/high.

It costs me 100 yuan. / It is worth 100 yuan.

I spent 10 hours to finish it.

It took me 10 days to finish it.

7. 关联指代句型

1)两项关联

I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.

I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.

To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.

One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.

Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.

2)先后顺序

First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.

First stop, then look, finally cross.

At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.

3)修饰限制

This is the same book as I lost yesterday. （不是同一本书，但书名、内容等相同）

This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书）

Don't trust such a man as over praise you.He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.

A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.

The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.

4) 两项连接

He can speak not only English but also French.

The book is both interesting and instructive.

It is neither cold nor hot.

Please either come in or go out.

The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.

5)加和关系

Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.

Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.

In addition to 'if', there are many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.

I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.

You seem to like tea, so do I.

8. 比较句型

1)等比句

He is as tall as I.

He is the same height as I.

She is no less diligent than he.

The lab is no better than a cottage.

2) 差比句

I speak English worse than he does. / He is not so/as tall as I am.

Our knowledge is much inferior to their.

3) 极比句

He is the tallest of all in the class.

None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.

Nothing is so easy as this.

4)比例句

The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance.

5) 择比句

He is taller than any other boy in the class.

It is better late than never.

They would die than live as slaves.

He prefers doing to talking.

He prefers to do rather than to talk.

He prefers mathematics to English.

I'd rather stay here.

6)对比句

You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.

They are working hard while you are wasting your time.

9.比喻类句型

We must work like him.

He behaves as his father does.

He speaks English as if/ as though he was a foreigner.

10.条件假设句

1) 一般事实

If we succeed, what will the people say?

Suppose it rains, what shall we do?

Persevere and you'll succeed.

2)虚拟条件句

If I were you, I would go.

If you had seen it, you would have been moved.

3)反条件句

Unless you try, you'll never succeed.

Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.

4)唯一条件句

If only I have another chance, I shall do better.

Only in this way can we learn English well.

So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.

5)推论条件句

Since that is so, there is no more to say.

Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.

1、名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句

引导词 (what/how/that/why/whether)

结构 主语从句

what+VO=n. for eg.

what+SV=n. What you said is right。

形式宾语 Make it possible for sb.to do ?

that/how/why/whether+SVO=n。

That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs。(形式主语居多)

**形式主语和强调句的区别

形式主语 It + v + (that +SVO)=n。

n.=it

强调句 It is/was + A + that + B

SVO=A+B

而且通常情况下 It is/was……是强调句

同位语从句

同位语的实质 n1,n2—n1=n2

S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO

前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。

The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known。

可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion……

**同位语和定语从句的区别

同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。

The fact, that the sun is round。

定语从句中，引导词充当成分。

The book, that you bought for me. “that”充当宾语。

Example

It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed ested, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions。

人们普遍接受，Pangaea 以一个特别大的陆地形式存在，后来他被分为两个大块，在南边的Gondwanaland 和在北边的Laurasia，他和那些在不同地壳上的大陆分开了并且向不同方向上漂移。

**如何找出复杂句中的谓语？

先找引导词，然后去掉随后的动词，还有动词的话，这个动词就是谓语。

2、形容词性从句=定语从句

引导词 (1)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)

(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)

结构 (1)that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a。

This is pig that/which is very fat。

(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a。

因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语

This is the pig that/which I ate。(作宾语可省略引)

This is the pig from which I make fun。

引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词

This is the pig,which is very fast

This is the pig, (which)I ate。

This is the pig, from which I make fun。

(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a。

The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting。

This is the place where(=in which 定语从句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是状从，也有可能是定从。

**具体分析举例

In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……

看上去该句的based 是一个n-ed的形式，但是她又是修饰谁呢？In his hypothesis() he developed that based on it…。

因此可以看出，based 修饰that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis。

**形容词性从句的省略

当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时，可将其省略。

This is the pig that/which I ate。

This is the pig I ate。

当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其同时省略。

The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed。

The house, built in 1919,was destroyed。

**个别情况下，which/as在引导定语从句时，也指代前面整个一句话。

As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句话) was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句话) resulted in collision, subduction, and mountain building。

**系表倒装

主系表结构 变成 表系主 结构成为系表倒装只限于介词词组在句首时

1、My hometown lies in Jilin province。

In Jilin province lies my hometown。

2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds。

Among the species of seabird are A,B,C…。

3、副词性从句 =状语从句

引导词 when/though/while/although……

结构 when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO。

When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father。

省略的条件 s’=S v’=be

省略 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father。

省略 Other(联系同一类的名词，也就是说前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toc to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycolproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.